Cross Multiplication and Ratios

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Checksum Puzzle How to make Silver Fulminate
Submitted On: Sunday, July 4, 2010 at 1:16:10 AM
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Starting simple, how many 4 unit sticks are required to equal the length of a 12 unit stick?

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It is quite simple to see that three 4 unit sticks are required to equal the length of a 12 unit stick. 3 x 4 = 12

Another way to express this is with cross multiplication. The question, for easier understanding, should be rephrased to: How many 12 unit sticks and how many 4 unit sticks are required to make a stick of 12 units.

X * 4 = 12

Divide each side of the equation by 4:

X * 4 = 12
  4   = 4


Simplify by removing 4/4 and you have a simple X = 12 / 4 where the answer is 3. Three sticks of 4 units are required to equal one stick of 12 units.




This time we need to change the length of the 12 unit stick and change the 4 unit stick by the same proportion. If we double the 12 unit stick then we need to also double the 4 unit stick. That’s obvious. But what if we changed the 12 unit stick to 18 units? How many units must the 4 unit stick measure to be proportional in size?

12 = 18
 4 = X


12 units now equals 18 units the same as 4 units now equals X units. Let’s rewrite the equation by dividing both sides by 18 in order to leave X as an answer on its own.

  12   =   18  
4 * 18 = X * 18


Simplify by dividing out the two 18’s (18 / 18 = 1)

  12   = 1
4 * 18 = X


Ok, we’ve got a difficult equation (on purpose). So simply, flip each side of the equation to make life easier.
(Try visualize it as 50/100 = 1/2 or 50/100 = half. That’s the same as 100/50 = 2/1 when flipped.)

4 * 18 = X
  12   = 1


4 * 18 / 12 = 6

To maintain proportionality when a 12 unit stick is increased to 18 units, a 4 unit stick must be increased to 6 units. Let’s test this by working out how many 6 unit sticks are required to equal the new 18 unit stick. 3 x 6 = 18; the same number as before.




So much for sticks. Let’s move onto 2 dimensional objects.

You have a wide screen movie and wish to convert it to TV standard without loss of image ratio – you don’t want a tall thin movie and you also don’t want to cut off either the left or right of the picture.

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To reduce the width of the green wide screen to the blue standard screen width and maintain a normal shaped image, the height must also be changed maintaining the width/height ratio.

640 =  X
720 = 320


Now we cross multiply but this time I’ve shown it in an easier to manipulate manner where the 320 is simply moved up and across; essentially multiplying both sides by 320. (To describe this; a square with width and height of 720 by 320 is resized to a width and height of 640 by what?)

640 * 320 / 720 = X = 284

Taking the opposite action, increasing the height of wide screen 720x320 to stan...

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Tags: resize, image, multiply, ratio, aspect
  Tuesday, July 6th, 2010 at 6:33:21 AM #46337
Toasty
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I skimmed it, seems interesting. When I'm out of work today I'll read through it better. Already 5'd it though.

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  Thursday, March 31st, 2011 at 4:11:55 PM #52707
timmydogman
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5*

  Wednesday, August 3rd, 2011 at 4:19:17 AM #53667
Makenshi
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I have a flash video about weird math like this. How one 8 by 8 square can be cut to create a 13 x 5 rectangle. It quite confused me lol.

Here's a link to the puzzle, however its not the animated one I have. Also thought the triangle was quite interesting.

http://www.jimloy.com/puzz/missing.htm